Monday, September 24, 2007

SURAT DARI SAN FRANCISCO

Ketika saya kuliah di Sydney, dekat kampus kami di Broadway ada sebuah café kecil, milik seorang imigran Itali. Namanyapun saya sudah lupa. Tapi saya ingat teman saya yang berasal dari Itali, Luigi yang membawa saya pertama kali kesana. Saat itu memesan kopi sangat mudah, paling-paling cuma ditanya, mau “regular black”, “cappuccino”, atau “espresso”. Kopinya juga uma dua macam, decaf atau yang biasa. Seingat saya, itulah permulaan-nya saya keranjingan kopi. Lebih dari 10 tahun kemudian, di Seattle saya mengunjungi toko pertama Starbucks di Pike’s Market. Buat saya itulah pengalaman yang benar-benar memberikan pencerahan tersendiri. Saya terpengarah ketika diminta memesan kopi dari sebuah menu didinding yang cukup panjang. Barulah saya tersadar bahwa memesan kopi tidak lagi mudah. Anda harus tahu betul dan mahir memilih kopi yang anda ingin minum. Salah memilih, tanggung sendiri akibatnya. Ketika saya akhirnya memilih kopi yang saya inginkan, pelayan di Starbucks bertanya soal ukuran. “kecil, sedang atau besar ?” begitu tanya sang pelayan. Lagi-lagi saya kaget. Minum kopi rupanya tidak lagi satu ukuran cangkir. Tapi mirip minum soft drink di resto fast food. Anda bisa minta gelas besar. Dan minum kopi dengan porsi berganda. Selesai saya memilih ukuran gelas yang saya inginkan, sang pelayan kembali bertanya, : ”mau penuh betul ? atau disisakan sedikit ?” Saya bingung. Buat konsumen yang belum berpengalaman pasti akan minta penuh. Wong, sudah bayar kok, masa gelas kopinya ndak diisi penuh ? Teman saya yang kebetulan menemani, buru-buru menjelaskan. Bahwa kalau penuh artinya saya mau minum kopi apa adanya tanpa susu. Tapi kalau saya mau minum kopi dengan susu, gelas kopinya akan disisakan sedikit, supaya susunya bisa masuk. Saya mengangguk-angguk tanda mulai mengerti. Buset memesan kopi saja sedemekian repotnya.

Setelah 10 tahun berlalu, saya kini menjadi ahli kopi. Saya bisa memesan kopi dengan mata tertutup. Saya hafal betul semua istilah yang diciptakan Starbucks. Begitulah persepsi saya, awalnya. Namun minggu ini San Francisco, saya diajak teman ngopi disebuah kedai kopi yang cukup esklusif. Ketika saya selesai menentukan pilihan kopi saya, sang pelayan masih bertanya :”medium roast ? - dark roast ?” Ini adalah pertanyaan yang menentukan biji kopi pilihan saya. Mau yang dipanggang medium atau sedikit lebih hangus atau ”dark roast” ? Mau tidak mau, akhirnya saya tertawa juga. Memesan secangkir kopi saja repotnya setengah mati.

Inilah realitanya. Dunia kita terus berubah. Pemasar terus menerus terobsesi mencari perbedaan yang mampu menciptakan daya saing, yang membuat konsumen penasaran dan menoleh. Inilah jaman ”Hyper Differentiation”. Begitu istilah Eric K. Clemons, pemilik dari firma konsultan Novantas. Menurut Eric, perusahaan besar biasanya memiliki kemampuan untuk menciptakan sebuah program yang berorientasi ”push campaigns”. Perusahaan besar biasanya mampu mendorong dan memaksakan sebuah trend kepasar. Dengan iklan dan promosi berskala besar, akhirnya sebuah trend tercipta dan teradopsi oleh konsumen. Perusahaan kecil sebaliknya, karena tidak memiliki biaya iklan atau promosi besar, terpakasa harus menggunakan strategi yang terbalik. Yaitu ”pull campaigns”. Perusahaan kecil seringkali harus mengambil jalan terbalik, menciptakan ”counter trends”. Maka akhirnya terciptalah ”extreme differentiations” atau ”hyper differentiations”.

Dalam persaingan kedai kopi, perusahaan-perusahaan besar membeli kopi dari seluruh dunia. Mencari kualitas-kualitas kopi terbaik, dari wilayah-wilayah tertentu dan mencampurnya dengan satu atau dua jenis kopi lain, untuk menciptakan campuran terbaik. Seni mencampur ini disebut ”blending”. Perusahaan Starbucks, misalnya memiliki kopi yang disebut ”Anniversarry Blend”. Kopi campuran ini diciptakan Starbucks tahun 1996, ketika berulang tahun ke 25, yang merupakan campuran kopi dari Asia Pacific dicampur dengan kopi-kopi yang sangat langka dari Indonesia.

Perusahaan kopi kecil, bersaing dengan Starbucks dengan arah terbalik. Hyper differentiation ! Kedai kopi Gimme Coffee di New York misalnya, memiliki 22 jenis kopi esklusif. Harganya berkisar antara Rp. 105.000 – Rp.120.000/ 500 gr. Salah satu yang termahal adalah kopi dari Sumatera. Yang dibeli secara esklusif dari Aceh, dari perkebunan disekitar danau Tawar, yang tingginya 4.500 kaki – 5.900 kaki diatas permukaan air laut. Yang kedua dari Blawan, Jawa Timur. Diperkebunan disekitar kawah Ijen yang tingginya sekitar 3.000 kaki – 6.000 kaki diatas permukaan laut. Gimme Coffee menciptakan kopi dengan Hyper Differentiation, dengan lebih memfokuskan diri pada kopi-kopi esklusif dari perkebunan kecil diseluruh dunia, yang memiliki cita rasa unik dan berbeda. Murni tanpa harus dicampur lagi. Sehingga menciptakan esklusiftas yang dicari dan diminati oleh konsumen. Ngopi telah menjadi budaya yang berevolusi tanpa henti. Tidak lagi sekedar minum, tapi anda harus tahu apa yang anda ingin minum, dan bagaimana cara meminumnya. Bukan lagi sekedar minum kopi. Tidak semua kopi diciptakan sama. Memang ruwet !

32 comments:

Eva Vesty said...

saya juga termasuk penggemar kopi...tapi mungkin tidak seperti bung Kafi yang sudah mencoba dari berbagai tempat nongkrong....
kopi memang memberikan sensasi yang ruar biasa....
tapi sebenarnya saya itu penasaran juga bagaimana ya caranya supaya punya kepekaan seperti bung Kafi dalam melihat setiap peristiwa sehingga memberikan hikmah yang begitu mendalam, punya mentor seperti Mpu peniti atau keliling dunia, atau .....?
salam eva

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